Wills and estate planning in Australia
How to plan what happens to your money, property, superannuation and health decisions in Australia, and why the rules for wills, attorneys and guardians change from state to state.
Checked against official sources on 8 Nov 2026. General information, not legal advice. No lawyer or solicitor has reviewed this page.
Overview
Estate planning is the work you do while you are alive so that other people are not left guessing after you die or lose capacity. At its core it is a small set of documents: a will that says who gets what, an enduring power of attorney that lets someone manage your money if you cannot, an appointment of a guardian or an advance care directive that covers health and lifestyle decisions, and a nomination that tells your superannuation fund where your death benefit should go. Most adults should think about all four, not just the will.
Wills are state and territory law in Australia. There is no national Wills Act. New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory each have their own statute, their own Supreme Court probate registry, and their own public trustee. Since the Uniform Succession Laws project of the 1990s and 2000s most states have converged on a common model, so the basic rules look similar wherever you live. The differences that remain are the ones that catch people out: what happens to your will when you marry or divorce, whether a will can be signed over video link, what the attorney and guardianship documents are called, and whether they have to be registered anywhere.
Superannuation sits outside this state system. It is governed by Commonwealth law and by the trust deed of your fund, and in most cases your super, including any life insurance held inside it, does not automatically form part of your estate at all. That single fact is the most common reason a carefully drafted will still fails to do what the person intended.
This page explains the national picture and gives you a template for each of the common estate planning matters. The state and territory pages linked from here set out the specific Act, the specific forms, the witnessing rules and the local services. This is general information, not legal advice; your own circumstances, particularly if you have a blended family, a business, a self managed super fund or assets overseas, can change the answer completely.
Common situations
- I have never made a will and I have just bought a house
- I am getting married and someone told me it cancels my existing will
- I have separated from my partner but we are not divorced yet
- I want to leave money to my children but not to their spouses
- My child has a disability and I need to provide for them long term
- I am worried my adult son will spend his inheritance immediately
- My parent is losing capacity and has never appointed an attorney
- I want to make sure my super goes to my partner, not my estate
- I have a blended family and I want to avoid a fight after I die
- I own a business with a partner and there is no succession plan
- I want to record my wishes about medical treatment and end of life care
- I made a will interstate and I have since moved to another state
Federal legislationShowHide
- Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (Cth)
Regulates superannuation funds. Section 59(1A) is the provision that lets a fund's governing rules allow a member to give the trustee a binding direction about who receives their death benefit. Super is usually not part of your estate, so the will alone does not control it.
- Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Regulations 1994 (Cth)
Regulation 6.17A sets out the requirements for a binding death benefit nomination in an APRA-regulated fund, including two adult witnesses who are not named in the notice and the rule that such a notice ceases to have effect after three years, or sooner if the fund's rules say so. The Australian Taxation Office and the High Court have confirmed that regulation 6.17A does not apply to self managed super funds.
- Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth)
Determines how superannuation death benefits are taxed. A lump sum paid to someone who was your dependant for tax purposes, such as your spouse or a child under 18, is tax free. The taxable component of a lump sum paid to an adult child who was not financially dependent on you is taxed. This drives a great deal of estate planning design.
- Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth)
Relevant to asset protection planning. Transfers made to defeat creditors can be clawed back, and a beneficiary who is bankrupt when they inherit may lose the inheritance, which is one reason testamentary trusts are used.
- Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)
Governs property settlements after separation. If property proceedings have already been filed when one person dies, they can continue against the estate. If nothing has been filed, the court cannot make property orders after the death, so separating without a settlement or a filed application is a major estate planning risk.
Courts and bodiesShowHide
- Australian Taxation Office
Administers the tax treatment of superannuation death benefits, deceased estates and self managed super funds, and publishes rulings such as SMSFD 2008/3 on binding nominations in SMSFs.
- Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
Prudential regulator of large superannuation funds, whose trustees decide death benefit payments where no valid binding nomination exists.
- Australian Financial Complaints Authority
Hears complaints about superannuation death benefit distributions and life insurance claims, including objections by people who believe a trustee paid the benefit to the wrong person.
- Australian Securities and Investments Commission
Regulates licensed trustee companies that provide will drafting and estate administration services, and publishes consumer guidance through Moneysmart.
- High Court of Australia
Final appellate court. Its decisions on succession questions, such as the operation of binding death benefit nominations in self managed super funds, bind every state and territory.
How it worksShowHide
What makes a will valid anywhere in Australia?
The formal rules are close to identical across the country. A will must be in writing. It must be signed by you, or by someone else in your presence and at your direction. Your signature must be made or acknowledged in front of at least two witnesses who are present at the same time, and those witnesses must then sign. Use adult witnesses. A person who cannot see well enough to attest your signature cannot act as a witness. Beyond that, you must have testamentary capacity: you must understand that you are making a will, know in general terms what you own, appreciate who might reasonably expect to benefit, and not be affected by a delusion that distorts those judgements. You must also be acting freely, without undue influence from a person who stands to gain. Almost every will challenge in Australia turns on capacity, undue influence or knowledge and approval rather than on the mechanics of signing.
Why does state law matter if the rules are so similar?
The differences appear at the edges, and the edges are where families end up in court. Marriage revokes an earlier will everywhere unless the will was made in contemplation of that marriage (in some places, such as South Australia and the ACT, the will must say so). Divorce, by contrast, usually only cancels the gifts and appointments in favour of the former spouse, leaving the rest of the will standing, but in Western Australia the end of a marriage revokes the whole will unless the will or other evidence shows you intended otherwise. The substitute decision making documents also carry different names and different scope: an enduring guardian in New South Wales and Tasmania, an enduring power of attorney for personal matters and a medical treatment decision maker in Victoria, an enduring power of attorney for personal and health matters in Queensland, an enduring power of guardianship in Western Australia, an advance care directive in South Australia, an enduring power of attorney that can cover health care in the ACT, and an advance personal plan in the Northern Territory, where enduring powers of attorney can no longer be made. Registration rules differ too: in Tasmania nothing done under an enduring power of attorney has legal effect until it is registered with the Recorder of Titles.
What happens if your will does not comply with the formalities?
Every Australian jurisdiction now gives the Supreme Court a dispensing power. If a document records what the deceased wanted to happen to their property, and the court is satisfied the person intended it to operate as their will, the court can admit it even though it was never properly signed or witnessed. Courts have used this power for an unsent text message, a note on a phone and a video recording. The power is real, but relying on it is expensive and uncertain. An informal will application is a Supreme Court proceeding that needs evidence about the person's intentions, other family members can oppose it, and the legal costs can be many times what a properly drafted will would have cost. Treat the dispensing power as a rescue mechanism for a genuine emergency, not as an alternative to signing a will.
Why is superannuation treated separately from your estate?
Your superannuation is held on trust by your fund's trustee, not owned by you outright. When you die, the trustee decides who receives the death benefit, subject to the fund's rules and Commonwealth law. Money can generally only be paid to a dependant, which means a spouse or de facto partner, a child of any age, someone in an interdependency relationship with you, or someone financially dependent on you, or to your legal personal representative so that it flows into the estate and is distributed under your will. If you make no nomination, or your nomination is invalid or has lapsed, the trustee exercises its own discretion, and that decision can be disputed through the fund's internal process and then the Australian Financial Complaints Authority. A valid binding nomination removes that discretion, but under the standard rules for large funds it lapses after three years unless your fund offers a non-lapsing option, so it needs to be renewed. Self managed funds work differently again and depend on what the deed says.
When do you need more than a simple will?
A simple will is enough for many people: everything to a partner, and if the partner has died, equally to the children. You should consider a more structured plan if you have a blended family, a beneficiary with a disability or an addiction, a beneficiary in a shaky marriage or a risky occupation, a business or a family trust, significant superannuation going to adult children, or assets in another country. Common tools are a testamentary trust, which holds a beneficiary's share in a trust they control rather than owning outright and can deliver tax and asset protection benefits; a protective or special disability trust for a vulnerable beneficiary; a life interest so a surviving partner can live in the house while the capital eventually passes to your children; and a mutual will agreement, which is powerful but rigid and should be used with care. Company shares, trust control and business succession are dealt with in constituent documents and buy-sell agreements, not in your will.
How do you plan for losing capacity rather than dying?
Losing capacity without a plan can cause as much practical hardship as dying without one. If you lose capacity and have not appointed anyone, your family cannot simply take over your finances. Someone must apply to the state tribunal, which may appoint a family member, or may appoint the public trustee or a public guardian instead. That process is public, slow and sometimes contested. An enduring power of attorney appointed while you have capacity avoids it for financial matters. A separate appointment covering health, accommodation and lifestyle decisions, whatever it is called in your state, avoids it for personal matters. An advance care directive lets you record treatments you do or do not want, which binds or strongly guides treating clinicians. These documents must be made while you still have decision making capacity, so the time to make them is well before anyone thinks you need them.
State and territory guides
Wills, powers of attorney and guardianship are state and territory law, so the governing Act, the approved forms, the witnessing rules and the names of the documents all change when you cross a border. New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia use succession statutes that cover wills, intestacy and family provision in one Act; Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory have standalone Wills Acts. Western Australia is the outlier on divorce, revoking the whole will. Victoria has a permanent remote execution procedure for wills and New South Wales allows wills to be witnessed by audio visual link, but Queensland does not allow a will to be witnessed electronically. Tasmania requires enduring powers of attorney to be registered with the Recorder of Titles. South Australia replaced its Wills Act 1936 with the Succession Act 2023 from 1 January 2025 and uses a single advance care directive instead of separate medical and guardianship appointments. The Northern Territory has abolished new enduring powers of attorney in favour of an advance personal plan. Probate and family provision procedure also differs, which is covered on the related practice area pages.
- Wills in Australian Capital Territory
How to make a will, complete an ACT enduring power of attorney and record a health direction, and plan your estate under the Wills Act 1968 (ACT) and the Powers of Attorney Act 2006 (ACT).
- Wills in New South Wales
A plain-English guide to making a will, appointing an attorney and an enduring guardian, and planning your estate in New South Wales under the Succession Act 2006 (NSW).
- Wills in Northern Territory
How to make a will and an advance personal plan in the Northern Territory under the Wills Act 2000 (NT) and the Advance Personal Planning Act 2013 (NT), which replaced enduring powers of attorney.
- Wills in Queensland
How to make a will, complete an enduring power of attorney and an advance health directive, and plan your estate in Queensland under the Succession Act 1981 (Qld) and the Powers of Attorney Act 1998 (Qld).
- Wills in South Australia
How to make a will, appoint an enduring attorney and make an advance care directive in South Australia under the Succession Act 2023 (SA), which replaced the Wills Act 1936 from 1 January 2025.
- Wills in Tasmania
How to make a will, register an enduring power of attorney and register an enduring guardian in Tasmania under the Wills Act 2008 (Tas), the Powers of Attorney Act 2000 (Tas) and the Guardianship and Administration Act 1995 (Tas).
- Wills in Victoria
How to make a will, appoint an enduring attorney and a medical treatment decision maker, and plan your estate in Victoria under the Wills Act 1997 (Vic) and the Powers of Attorney Act 2014 (Vic).
- Wills in Western Australia
How to make a will, appoint an enduring attorney and an enduring guardian, and plan your estate in Western Australia under the Wills Act 1970 (WA) and the Guardianship and Administration Act 1990 (WA).
Practical guidanceShowHide
How do you choose an executor who will actually cope?
Executors do real work. They locate the will, apply for probate, notify banks and share registries, sell or transfer property, lodge date of death and estate tax returns, pay debts, deal with unhappy relatives and distribute what is left. The job often takes many months even for a straightforward estate and can run for years if there is a dispute or a business. Choose someone organised, trustworthy and likely to outlive you, and who lives in the same state if possible. Appointing all your children jointly sounds even-handed but means every decision needs unanimity, which is exactly the wrong structure when they do not get on. Two executors is usually the practical maximum. Always name a substitute. If nobody in your family is suitable, you can appoint a solicitor, a trustee company or the public trustee, but ask about the fee basis first because commission on the gross value of the estate can be substantial. Tell the person you are appointing them, and tell them where the original will is kept.
Who can challenge your will and can you stop them?
Every state and territory has family provision legislation allowing certain people to ask the court for more than the will gives them. Spouses, de facto partners, children and, in some states, former spouses and grandchildren or members of your household who depended on you can apply. The court asks whether adequate provision was made for the applicant's proper maintenance, education and advancement in life, considering the size of the estate, the applicant's needs and resources, competing claims and the relationship. You generally cannot contract out of it (New South Wales allows a release only with the court's approval), and a clause saying 'my son is not to challenge this will' has no legal effect on its own. What you can do is reduce the risk: make provision that a court would regard as adequate, leave a signed statement explaining unequal treatment, and keep evidence of your capacity if a claim is likely. Moving assets outside the estate does not always help: in New South Wales the court can treat jointly owned property, life insurance and some lifetime gifts as notional estate available to a claimant. Time limits for claims are short and differ between states, which is covered on the contested wills pages.
What actually happens if you die without a will?
You die intestate and a statutory formula decides who inherits. The formula is different in each state. In New South Wales, for example, a spouse or de facto partner takes the whole estate if all your children are also their children. If you have children from another relationship, the partner takes your personal effects, a statutory legacy and half of the rest, and the children share the remainder. If there is no partner or child, the estate passes to parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts and uncles and their children. Same sex and de facto partners are recognised, and where there is both a spouse and a de facto partner the estate can be split between them. Nobody has been appointed to act, so a family member must apply for letters of administration, which usually takes longer and costs more than probate of a will. There is no guardian nominated for young children and no trust structure for a vulnerable beneficiary. If no relative within the statutory degrees can be found, the estate passes to the state government. Dying intestate does not mean the government automatically takes everything, but it does mean you lose all control over the outcome.
How should you deal with property you own jointly?
How you hold an asset can matter more than what your will says. Real property held as joint tenants passes automatically to the surviving joint tenant by survivorship and never enters your estate, so your will cannot redirect it. Property held as tenants in common passes under your will in the shares you own. Joint bank accounts usually pass to the survivor. Superannuation and life insurance are dealt with by nomination, not by the will. Assets held in a family trust are not yours at all, so what matters there is who controls the trust after your death, which is determined by the trust deed's appointor and succession provisions. Company shares pass under your will, but the constitution and any shareholders agreement can restrict transfer and may trigger a buyout. The first step in any estate plan is therefore an audit of who owns what and how, because the will only controls assets held in your sole name.
Where should you keep your will and who should know?
Probate registries need the original will, not a copy. If the original cannot be found and it was last known to be in your possession, the law presumes you destroyed it with the intention of revoking it, and the estate may have to be administered as if you had no will. Store the signed original somewhere safe and dry: with the solicitor who prepared it, in a bank safe custody packet, with the state trustee or public trustee, or with the Supreme Court probate registry where the state offers a deposit facility. Do not staple, unstaple, pin or paperclip anything to it, and do not write on it, because marks and staple holes raise questions at the probate registry and can require affidavit evidence to explain. Keep an unsigned copy at home with a note saying exactly where the original is, and tell your executor. In New South Wales and South Australia, for example, you can deposit your will with the Supreme Court registrar during your lifetime. Public trustees also offer will storage, which may carry a fee.
When should you review and update your estate plan?
Estate plans go stale quietly. Review yours whenever you marry, enter a de facto relationship, separate, divorce, have a child or grandchild, become a step-parent, buy or sell significant property, start or sell a business, receive an inheritance, move interstate or overseas, or when a beneficiary or executor dies, becomes bankrupt, develops an addiction or acquires a disability. Marriage is the most urgent trigger because it revokes an earlier will unless the will was made in contemplation of that marriage. Separation is the most dangerous because it changes nothing legally: until you divorce, your estranged spouse usually still inherits under the old will and remains a dependant your super fund can pay. Renewing a lapsing binding super nomination every three years is easy to forget. A short annual check of four things, your will, your attorney, your health directive and your super nomination, is enough to catch most problems.
Can you make a will yourself with a kit or online tool?
You can, and for a genuinely simple situation, a young person with no children, no property and no partner, for example, a well-made kit will is better than nothing. But home-made wills tend to go wrong in predictable ways. The recurring problems are gifts that fail because the asset was sold before death or is jointly owned, ambiguous descriptions of people or property, no substitute beneficiary if the first one dies, residue that is not fully disposed of, witnesses who are also beneficiaries, no consideration of family provision claims, superannuation assumed to be covered when it is not, and wills signed but never dated. Fees for a solicitor-drafted will vary, so ask for a quote. A court case about a badly made will usually costs far more, and those costs can come out of the estate. If you use an online tool, at least have the execution supervised properly and have someone check it against your asset audit.
What should you do about digital assets and online accounts?
Photographs, email, cryptocurrency, domain names, loyalty points, subscription services and social media accounts all need thought. Some, such as cryptocurrency held in a wallet you control, are genuine property that passes under your will but is irrecoverable if nobody can access the keys. Others, such as a streaming account or a social media profile, are usually a licence that ends on death and cannot be inherited, although the platform may allow memorialisation or nomination of a legacy contact. Do not put passwords or seed phrases in your will, because once a will is admitted to probate it can become a public document that anyone can ask to copy. Instead, keep a separate list or use a password manager, tell your executor how to access it, and give your executor a general authority in the will to deal with digital records. For cryptocurrency in particular, record where the wallet and recovery phrase are stored without recording the phrase itself, and make sure the executor knows the asset exists.
Common questions
Does getting married cancel my will?
Yes, in every Australian state and territory marriage revokes an earlier will, unless the will was made in contemplation of that marriage. In some places, such as South Australia and the ACT, the will must say so. Some states also keep particular gifts to, or appointments of, the person you marry, but that exception is narrow and not available everywhere. If you marry and do not make a new will, you may die intestate even though you have a signed will in the drawer. The safest approach is to make a new will before or shortly after the wedding, or to include a contemplation of marriage clause in the will you make beforehand.
Does separation change my will?
No. Separation on its own has no effect on your will, your enduring power of attorney or your superannuation nomination. Until a divorce order is made, your estranged spouse usually remains a beneficiary and often your executor, and remains a dependant for superannuation purposes. This is one of the most common and most damaging gaps in estate planning. Many people who separate make a new will and a new power of attorney, revoke the old one, and review their super nomination straight away rather than waiting for the property settlement.
Does divorce cancel my whole will?
In most states and territories a divorce order revokes only the gifts to your former spouse and their appointment as executor, trustee or guardian, and the rest of the will continues to operate. Western Australia is the exception: a divorce order generally revokes the whole will unless the will or other evidence shows a contrary intention. Either way you should make a fresh will after a divorce, because a partly revoked will can leave gaps in the residue and produce a partial intestacy.
Do I need a lawyer to witness my will?
Generally no. Two adult witnesses who are present at the same time are enough for an ordinary will in every Australian jurisdiction, and they do not need to be lawyers or justices of the peace. Choose witnesses who are not beneficiaries or the spouses of beneficiaries: in some places, including New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania and the Northern Territory, a gift to a witness can fail unless an exception applies. Enduring powers of attorney and guardianship documents are different: several states require a prescribed witness such as a lawyer, registrar or justice of the peace who certifies that you understood the document.
Can I sign my will over video call?
It depends on where you are. Victoria has a permanent remote execution procedure: everyone must be in Victoria, one witness must be a special witness (such as a lawyer or justice of the peace), the will must record that the procedure was used, and every step must happen on the same day. Under that procedure the signatures can be electronic. New South Wales allows a will to be witnessed by audio visual link if the witness sees you sign in real time and follows the steps in its Electronic Transactions Act, but this does not allow electronic signing: you still sign the paper by hand, and only the witnessing happens over video. Queensland does not allow a will to be witnessed electronically. Remote execution is unforgiving of mistakes, so if you can sign in person with two witnesses in the room, do that instead.
Is my superannuation covered by my will?
Usually not. Superannuation is held on trust and does not automatically form part of your estate. The trustee decides who receives your death benefit unless you have given a valid binding nomination. You can nominate a dependant directly, or nominate your legal personal representative so the benefit is paid into your estate and distributed under your will. A binding nomination made under the standard rules lapses after three years unless your fund offers a non-lapsing option, so it may need to be renewed. Check your nomination whenever you review your will.
What is a testamentary trust and do I need one?
A testamentary trust is a trust created by your will that holds a beneficiary's inheritance rather than paying it to them outright. The beneficiary usually controls the trust as trustee, so it does not feel like a loss of control, but the assets are held in a structure that can spread income among family members at their own tax rates and gives some protection if the beneficiary divorces, becomes bankrupt or is sued. Trusts cost money to run and need annual accounts and tax returns, so they suit larger estates, beneficiaries in risky occupations or relationships, and vulnerable beneficiaries.
What is an informal will and will the court accept one?
An informal will is a document that records what someone wanted done with their property but was not signed or witnessed properly. Every Australian jurisdiction gives the Supreme Court a dispensing power to admit such a document if the court is satisfied the deceased intended it to operate as their will. Courts have accepted an unsent text message, a note on a phone and a video recording. The application needs evidence about the person's intentions, other family members can oppose it, and it can be slow and expensive. It is a rescue mechanism, not a plan.
What happens if I lose capacity and never appointed an attorney?
Your family cannot simply take over your finances. Someone has to apply to the state guardianship tribunal, which can appoint a financial administrator or manager and a guardian. The tribunal may appoint a family member, but where there is conflict or no suitable person, it can appoint the public trustee or public guardian instead. The process is public, takes time, and the decision may not be the one you would have made. Making an enduring power of attorney and a guardianship or advance care document while you have capacity avoids all of it.
How much does an estate plan cost?
Fees vary widely and are not fixed by law, so ask for a quote. A package of a will, an enduring power of attorney and a guardianship or advance care document is often offered at a bundled rate. Testamentary trust wills, business succession planning and statutory will applications cost significantly more because they take much more time. Some public trustees prepare wills at no cost for some people, such as pensioners, people over 60 or people who appoint the public trustee as executor. Queensland Public Trustee, for example, offers a free will-making service, and NSW Trustee and Guardian prepares wills free for people eligible for a full age pension. Eligibility differs by state, and a public trustee acting as executor charges its own fees. Always ask for a written costs disclosure before you engage anyone.
Sources
- Succession Act 2006 No 80 (NSW) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Wills Act 1997 (Vic) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Succession Act 1981 (Qld) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Wills Act 1970 (WA) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Succession Act 2023 (SA) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Wills Act 2008 (Tas) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Wills Act 1968 (ACT) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Wills Act 2000 (NT) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (Cth) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Regulations 1994 (Cth) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- ATO Self Managed Superannuation Funds Determination SMSFD 2008/3 (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- High Court of Australia: Hill v Zuda Pty Ltd [2022] HCA 21 (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Australian Taxation Office: Superannuation death benefits (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Australian Taxation Office: Paying superannuation death benefits (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Australian Taxation Office: Trustee resolutions (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Australian Taxation Office: Your income if you are under 18 years old (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Australian Financial Complaints Authority: Frequently Asked Questions, Superannuation (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia: Financial or property, death of a party (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Australian Financial Security Authority: Treatment of property in bankruptcy (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Electronic Transactions Act 2000 (NSW), Part 2B Remote witnessing (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Powers of Attorney Act 2003 (NSW) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Guardianship Act 1987 (NSW) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Perpetuities Act 1984 (NSW) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Supreme Court of NSW: Copies of and access to wills (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- NSW Government: Learn about Wills (NSW Trustee and Guardian) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- NSW Trustee and Guardian: Our fees (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Wills Act 1997 (Vic), version 036 (remote execution procedure, s 8A) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Office of the Public Advocate (Vic): Appointing a medical treatment decision maker (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Queensland Law Society: Remote witnessing and electronic signatures (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Powers of Attorney Act 1998 (Qld) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Queensland Government: Making or ending an advance health directive (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Property Law Act 2023 (Qld) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Law of Property Act 1936 (SA) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Powers of Attorney Act 2000 (Tas) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Land Tasmania: Enduring Powers of Attorney fact sheet (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Guardianship and Administration Act 1995 (Tas) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Advance Personal Planning Act 2013 (NT) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Moneysmart: Wills and powers of attorney (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Australian Financial Complaints Authority: Operational Guidelines to the Rules (effective 8 October 2026) (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Queensland Public Trustee: Our Wills service (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- NSW Communities and Justice: Witnessing legal documents remotely (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Wills Act 1968 (ACT), republication 22 (effective 23 February 2026), PDF (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Wills Act 2000 (NT), reprint REPW007, PDF (accessed 8 Nov 2026)
- Supreme Court of Victoria: Wills and probate (accessed 6 Sept 2026)
- Law Reform Commission of Western Australia, Project 76(II): Effect of marriage or divorce on wills (accessed 6 Sept 2026)